PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.